%include "default.mgp" %default 1 bgrad %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page %center, size 7, font "standard", fore "white", vgap 20 Introduction to Non Linear Video Editing %fore "yellow", size 5 by Simon Wood simon@mungewell.org %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Introduction This talk is an introduction to the world of non linear video editing using: Kino - Basic video editor, with good 1394 interfacing Cinelerra - Professional style video editor, but highly \ complicated. If Kino is MS Paint, Cinelerra is Photoshop on steriods.... [PS. I make no claims about the artistic content of this talk.] %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page What is Non Linear Video Editing %pause Non Linear video editing is a technique where rather than copy the \ relevant sections of video in sequence (as if you were recording from \ one VCR to another), you use a computer to produce an 'edit list'. %pause Once the 'edit list' is finialised you instruct the computer to render the \ end result - depending on the complexity this may take many hours. It is important to remember that the source material is not affected in the \ process of editing, only the editing list is altered to refer to different \ sections of it. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page What is Mini-DV? %pause Mini-DV is the defacto standard for home digital video recording, however \ it does come in two flavours. PAL - 720 x 576, 25 fps NTSC - 720 x 480, 29.7 fps A PAL MiniDV camcorder may play back NTSC material, but it is unlikely to \ be able to record in it. %pause MiniDV is (lossy) compressed video, each frame is compressed with a DCT - \ it is similar in nature to MJPEG. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page What is 1394? %pause IEEE 1394 is a high speed serial protocol which enables the connection of \ storage and AV components to a PC. If not already equiped with a PCI card \ can be purchased for around 15-20 UKP %pause Supported by Linux kernel (as experimental), you will need the following \ modules for video editing: raw1394 video1394 ohci1394 ieee1394 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Kino - A basic video editor %pause Kino is intended as a basic video editor and can be found here: http://kino.schirmacher.de/ For simple editing it provides all you need. %pause It does, however, have excellent interfacing with the 1394 bus, enabling \ easy capturing and exporting (back to MiniDV). %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Kino - Basics %pause Kino works with small snippets of video called scenes. When loading a \ video file it looks at the time stamps on the video and automatically \ breaks the source up into scenes. The scenes are represented by a line of stills with a 'film like' surround. %pause Each scene can be adjusted in length, by using 'In' & 'Out' points, to \ show the required piece of video. However each scene can only have one pair \ of in out points. If you want to use several sections from a single scene, you have to duplicate \ the scene, by 'copy' and 'paste'. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Kino - Capturing from MiniDV %pause Select the 'Capture' tab, enable AV/C. %pause One thing you will notice that the interlacing produces some horrible \ lines on the monitored video. The end result will not display these \ (well that depends on how you view it.... interlacing is a whole can \ of worms.) I found it better to disable the preview during capture. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Kino - Effects %pause If you are only using Kino, you'll be glad to know that is has some basic \ video effect capabilities, these are accessed via the 'Effects' tab. %pause However you have to apply these to individual scenes, render them to \ disk, and then include them into your project. %pause Kino supports plugins, and there a few available from the website. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Kino - Rendering %pause Once you are finished editing your movie you have to render the 'edit list' \ into a real movie file. %pause Under the 'Export' tab Kino lets you render to a number of different formats: IEEE1394 - Straight out the 1394 port DV file Stills Audio MPEG - useful if your making VCDs or DVDs of your film. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Kino - Quick Demo %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Cinelerra %pause Cinelerra started off as a one man project, but has now been adopted as a \ sourceforge project. Can be got from: http://heroinewarrior.com/cinelerra.php3 %pause A very (!!) useful document is the 'Secrets of Cinelerra': http://heroinewarrior.com/cinelerra/cinelerra.html %pause Cinelerra is the "dog's bollocks", however it does crash reasonably \ frequently, fortunately it has backup recover in the form of 'load backup'. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Cinelerra - The main window %pause Along the top are the pull down menus, and below that a 'transport control' \ (for playing, fast forward, rewind, etc). The mode of editing can be 'drag and drop' or 'cut and paste'. %pause '[' and ']' set the In and Out points, the key selects 'automatic key frames', \ and the others enable 'cut', 'paste', etc. Markers provide a convient way \ to jump around in a movie. %pause Each track has a name and a control panel. This allows for the mode of the \ track to be changed, for it to be protected from change and to prevent it \ being rendered in the final stage. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Cinelerra - The viewer %pause Used for viewing media, it's particularly useful if you have a lot of clips \ and you've forgotton what's what. %pause It's also used for creating the clips in the first place. Mark an In and \ Out point and use 'To Clip'. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Cinelerra - The resources %pause This window list all the source material and clips available to the project. \ It is also a way of accessing the effects and transitions. In 'drag and drop' mode clips can be dropped in to the main window, as can \ effects and transitions. %pause Effects are applied to the In and Out points, or to selected section of \ track if In/Out are not set. They can be stacked to produce complex visuals. Most effects have settings that can be altered, right click on the effect \ bar and select 'show'. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Cinelerra - The compositor %pause This is one of the more difficult aspects of cinelerra, each \ of the tracks are read through a 'camera' and then 'projected' onto the \ screen of the final movie. The 'camera' and 'projector' can be positioned and zoomed independently. %pause The material can also be cropped with an image mask, a simple polygon drawn \ by hand. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Cinelerra - Rendering %pause Once the editing stage is completed the movie will be rendered to write \ it to disk in the appropriate format. Cinelerra can output a number of \ formats such as DivX, DV, quicktime and Mpeg. The rendering may take a long time as each frame has to be calculated from \ the tracks, all the effects need to be computed, etc.... %pause One glitch I have in my system, is that Kino reads the audio emdedded in \ DV track, rather than the auxilliary one that Cinelerra writes. So I need \ to render a seperate audio track and 'dub' that into Kino before writing \ back to MiniDV. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Cinelerra - Basic stages to making a movie %pause The basic flow to making a movie is: Film source material. %pause Capture (use Kino). %pause Create clips of the sections you want. %pause Sequence the clips into the correct order. %pause Apply any effects or transitions. %pause Render to the end product. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Cinelerra - Quick Demo %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Cinelerra - Key Frames. %pause Cinelerra is capable of having settings alter over time, so for example \ an effect setting can change automatically between two settings. \ This is handled by 'key frames', each 'key frame' holds the settings at \ point on the track and the system linearly fades between them when rendering. %pause To make the main window clearer, the key frames are split between: Fade Keyframes, Mute Keyframes, Mode Keyframes, Pan Keyframes,\ Camera Keyframes, Projector Keyframes, Plugin Keyframes, Mask Keyframes. Each of these can be enabled under the view pull down menu. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Cinelerra - Advanced titling %pause Although Cinelerra has a titling effect, it is a little limited. One useful trick is to render a still image of the required title in Gimp \ or the like, and then add this as a track. You'll need to zoom right in on \ it and then grab the right hand edge to expand it to last the appropriate \ amount of time. %pause The still image does not have to be the same size as the video, it can even \ be much wider or taller and be scrolled to rolling titles. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Cinelerra - Getting really serious %pause Cinelerra has a number of features aimed at the professional user, these are \ accessed through the 'preferences' menu. %pause The most impressive is the use of render farms. If your video is highly \ complicated you can farm out the rendering to a number of different \ machines - but that spare '486 won't really make a difference ;-) %pause I am using Kino for my 1394 interfacing as it's simple. Cinelerra does have \ 1394 capabilities, but it's a little rough. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %page Links IEEE1394: In the 2.4.x kernel, you have to enable 'Experimental' Kino: http://kino.schirmacher.de/ Cinelerra: http://heroinewarrior.com/cinelerra.php3 (c)Simon Wood. 2003 Release under the GFDL